An Interpretation of Horace’s Art of Poetry Essay

The epistle from Horace’s Art of Poetry was not just a guide for good writing, yet it was a modern composing that showed his standards and insight, and the contemporary Hellenistic effect on the Romans. Horace’s significant work plainly attested his situation as an artistic ace. All through his letter to Piso, he had the option to make his depiction fascinating and clarification persuading. He showed his ability in writing by introducing point by point rules to compose capably. Among his proposals, he focused on exactness, great rhyming lines, and appropriate abstract styles and organizations. He likewise underlined on the significance to make progress toward solidarity, as the composing would lose quality without intelligibility. On the off chance that he were not an ace at writing, he would not have the option to talk about the specialized subtleties inside and out. Moreover, Horace was a man with recognized accomplishments, yet he was additionally a man with incredible standards. With numerous individuals longing for progress, he portrayed Rome as â€Å"a country voracious only for fame† (129). He reprimanded the Romans for being liberal and materialistic. Since everyone was so caught up in gaining cash, he asked, â€Å"what sonnets would we be able to hope to compose worth covering with defensive oils and putting away in fine wood?† (129). To Horace, cash was not the essential inspiration to seek after his composing vocation, and that clarified why Horace dismissed Augustus’s offer to turn into his secretary, which was a decent situation for a liberated man. With his extraordinary ethics and ethics, Horace was without a doubt perhaps the best writer in the Roman Empire. Horace’s compositions uncovered the prevailing Hellenistic impact. They were persuasive and exceptionally intelligent, much closer to that of the academic Greek essayists of the Hellenistic time frame. He indicated that he had profound information on the Greek writing, since he frequently alluded to Greek scholars and to their plays. In his letter to Piso, he utilized Homer’s Odyssey for instance of incredible writing. â€Å"Make your models Greek,† as Horace announced, â€Å"and turn their pages daily; turn them day by day too† (127). This showed his attachment to the Greek models. What's more, he referenced that artists â€Å"[sung] about Italian topics in catastrophes and comedies attired in Roman clothes† (128). Obviously, Hellenism had affected Horace, yet in addition the contemporary writers. By seeing how Hellenism had altered theâ theoretical thinking about the artist of Rome, one can infer that the effect of Hellenism was certainly conspic uous. Horace’s show-stopper exhibited his ability recorded as a hard copy, just as the Hellenistic impact on Roman scholars. Horace announced, â€Å"To escape bad habit is the start of prudence, and to have freed of indiscretion is the start of wisdom.† And Horace’s astuteness had introduced new bits of knowledge to the old Roman Empire. In contemplating Horace’s cleaned works and recognized characteristics, researchers can additionally examine how Greek culture had continuously coordinated itself to the old Roman’s lives. J. Atchity, Kennedy. The Classical Roman Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997

Beginning The Audit Report Essay

Much obliged to you for picking Team D Auditing for your review needs. This letter is to advise you on how we intend to start the review procedure for your organization. We will play out a review on the fiscal reports for Apollo Shoes for the year finished December 31, 2007 so as to give sensible affirmation that the announcements are introduced decently and are introduced as per Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) (Arens, Elder, and Beasley, 2012). We will start the review by investigating the announcements just as your hierarchical diagrams and the earlier five years of government personal assessment forms. After cautious survey of all documentation, we will audit hazards with the goal that we can recognize any potential dangers and can draft the review plan (Arens et al., 2012). We will at that point request to meet with the board to decide the extent of the review and answer any inquiries that administration may have. After the gathering, we will finish the review plan and start our hands on work. Our field time will be gone through talking with staff individuals and the board, checking on documentation, for example, arrangement and method manuals, finding out about the business, and performing tests. We will test inward controls, guaranteeing the business is in consistence with pertinent money related guidelines, and testing the materiality of the fiscal reports (Arens et al., 2012). We will hold planned gatherings with staff and the executives and expectation that we will have full participation. We will attempt to interfere with the business as meager as could reasonably be expected. Our charge calendar will be founded on the absolute time spent on each phase of the review and we will submit solicitations en route. Our primer estimation of cost is $200,000 and we will tell you quickly of any progressions that could surpass that estimation. Our conventional commitment letter,â preliminary commitment agenda, and starter time period gauge with review achievements are remembered for the indeces for your audit. References American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. (2014). General Audit Engagement Checklist. Recovered from http://www.aicpa.org/interestareas/peerreview/assets/peerreviewprogrammanual/2013/downloadabledocuments/20400-gen-review registration Arens, A. An., Elder, R. J., and Beasley, M. S. (2012). Evaluating and affirmation benefits: An incorporated methodology (fourteenth ed.). New York, NY: Perason/Prentice Hall. Becker Professional Education/CPA Review (2014) Audit Reports; Devry/Becker Educational Development Corp. Boynton, W. C. (2006). Present day Auditing (eighth ed.). Danvers, MA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Louwers, T. R. (2007). Apollo Shoes, InC. Reviewing and Assurance Services. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Open Company Accounting Oversight Board. (2014). Examining Standard No. 16. Recovered from http://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/Auditing_Standard_16_Appendix_C.aspx Raspante, J. F. and Vono, S. (2014). Commitment letters for the individual duty professional. Diar y of Accountancy, recovered from: http://www.journalofaccountancy.com/Issues/2014/Jan/20137591.htm This letter is to affirm the understanding and to examine the goals for theâ audit of Apollo Shoes, Inc. budget reports for the year finishing December 31, 2007. We will be inspecting the monetary record, pay explanation, articulation of held income and income. The fiscal reports and the adequacy of the inner control is obligation of the board (Becker CPA Review, 2014). I need to explain that we must have a comprehension of the organization and the inner control so as to give a conclusion. Albeit a review should give sensible affirmation about that the budget report are liberated from material misquote we can't give totally confirmation because of innate restriction in the interior control (Becker CPA Review, 2014). We demand that the organization can give us sufficient proof important to play out the review. It is important that we approach data and records including the minutes, other than to have the option to ask faculty and the perception of systems as vital. We have the obligation that if a material shortcoming as well as a huge lack are found in the exhibition of the review, it ought to be imparted to the review board of trustees recorded as a hard copy (PCAOB, 2014). The administration is additionally capable to modify the fiscal summaries to address material errors discovered during the review; if the amendment are not done in light of the fact that they are insignificant, it ought to be expressed as a feature of the portrayal letter were the board is affirming their duties during the review (PCAOB, 2014). Our cash based costs and expenses are evaluating in $200,000, which covers the hours spent during the review. On the off chance that anything may influence this gauge we will tell you. Our expenses are expected when we complete the review (Raspante and Vono, 2014). We are energetic to be your new reviewers and we want to satisfy your desires. On the off chance that you concur with this understanding, it would be ideal if you sign in the space gave; save a duplicate for your records and return us the first marked. In the event that you have any further inquiries, kindly don't stop for a second to get in touch with me. October 29, 2007: Received bookkeeping methods manual from Karina Ramirez for hands on work (Louwers, 2007, p. 32). January 7, 2007: Prepare working papers for Board Minutes of significant occasions and exchanges during the previous year. Make notes in the review working papers of issues applicable for the evaluator for the 2007 budget summaries. Utilize the reference ‘GA-3’ with the accompanying headings and data in a table configuration: Information Relevant to 2007 and Audit Auction Recommended (Louwers, 2007, p. 36). January 3, 2008: choice by review panel of Anderson, Olds, and Watershed as examiners confirmed (Louwers, 2007, p. 39). January 3, 2008: $750,000 charge was affirmed for the 2007 review (p. 36); January 8, 2008: Received Apollo’s multi year-end preliminary parity, alongside 2006 inspected preliminary parity (p. 40). January 8, 2008: Create 3 spreadsheets for a multi year similar monetary record, pay explanations, and articulation of incomes (p. 40 ). January 9, 2008: Perform fundamental investigative methods on the budget summaries. This incorporates computing basic size financialâ statements and dollar sum, and percent changesâ€use late spreadsheet made for similar proclamations; ascertain money related proportions with basic stock at $24 million in present and earlier periods; Compare Apollo’s numbers with nearest contenders, for example, Nike and Rebook at EDGAR for industry midpoints; compose a concise reminder featuring potential issue regions with counts (p. 43). January 9, 2008: Write a concise notice (GA-4) featuring what you accept are potential issue territories. Incorporate figurings to help (GA-4-1, GA-4-2, and so forth (p. 43). January 9, 2008: Prepair a notice (GA-5) tending to materiality for Apollo Shoes. The workpaper reports must be following GAAP. Address the accompanying: 1. Quickly depict indepdendent reviewers idea of materiality; 2. Portray some commone connections and different contemplations utilized by reviewers while evaluating the dollar sum considered matieral. What are some normal proportions of materiality as for money, deals, and toal resources? 3. In view of expert judgment, decide a sum you consider to be a base material error for Apollo Shoes and legitimize your proposal in your reminder (p. 45). January 10, 2008: Write a reminder (GA-6) tending to the potential for misrepresentation for Apollo shoes. This ought to incorporate SAS 99 extortion direction tending to the accompanying: 1. Have you seen any ‘red flags’ in either the minutes or explanatory methods up until this point? 2. Address misrepresentation hazard when all is said in done terms: kinds of hazard (inappropriate income acknowledgment), importance of hazard, probability of hazard, inescapability or hazard concentrated to one capacity of or individual or is it all through the association? 3. In what manner may misrepresentation be executed or hidden in the substance; 4. Recommend ways we may modify our review way to deal with address the potential for misrepresentation, for example, task of staff, consistency of inspecting methodology, and assessment of diary passages and different alterations; Continued for memoâ€what we’ll need to get along with the whole review group for meeting to generate new ideas one week from now. January 10, 2008: AOW was educated regarding the Apollo’s mid-year PC establishment. By what method will the PC preparing, for the last two quarters’ exchange influence our review this year? In what capacity will we utilize our new workstations for the Apollo commitment? For instance, correspondence, updates, inspecting working papers, arranged and kept up on the new workstations (p. 46).

The History and Purpose of the U.S. Federal Reserve

The History and Purpose of the U.S. Central bank The Federal Reserve System, made with the authorization of the Federal Reserve Act on December 23, 1913, is the focal financial arrangement of the United States. Famously known as the Federal Reserve or just the Fed, the Federal Reserve System was made in the conviction that brought together, directed control of the nation’s money related framework would help lighten or forestall budgetary emergencies like the Panic of 1907. In making the Fed, Congress looked to amplify work, balance out the costs of products and enterprises, and moderate the drawn out impacts of changes in the loan cost. Since it was first made, occasions like the Great Depression during the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have brought about the alteration and extension of the Federal Reserve System’s jobs, duties, and authorities.â Banking in the United States before the formation of the Federal Reserve System was, no doubt, disordered. Early American Banking: 1791-1863 Banking in the America of 1863 was a long way from simple or reliable. The First Bank (1791-1811) and Second Bank (1816-1836) of the United States were the main authority delegates of the U.S. Treasury Department - the main sources that gave and sponsored official U.S. cash. Every single other bank were worked under state sanction, or by private gatherings. Each bank gave its own individual, banknotes. The entirety of the state and private banks contended with one another and the two U.S. Banks to ensure that their notes were redeemable for full assumed worth. As you went around the nation, you never knew precisely what sort of cash you would get from the nearby banks. With Americas populace developing in size, versatility, and financial movement, this assortment of banks and sorts of cash before long became tumultuous andâ unmanageable. The National Banks: 1863-1913 In 1863, the U.S. Congress passed the main National Bank Act accommodating a regulated arrangement of National Banks. The Act set up operational measures for the banks, built up least measures of cash-flow to be held by the banks, and characterized how the banks were to make and oversee advances. Also, the Act forced a 10% duty on state banknotes, hence viably taking out non-government money from dissemination. What is a National Bank? Any bank utilizing the expression, National Bank in its name must be an individual from the Federal Reserve System. They should keep up least degrees of stores with one of the 12 Federal Reserve banks and should store a level of their clients investment account and financial records stores in a Federal Reserve bank. All banks consolidated under a national contract are required to become individuals from the Federal Reserve System. Banks fused under a state sanction may likewise apply for Federal Reserve participation. The Federal Reserve System: 1913 to DateFunctions of the Federal Reserve System By 1913, Americas financial development both at home and abroad required an increasingly adaptable, yet better controlled and more secure financial framework. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 built up the Federal Reserve System as the focal financial authority of the United States. Under the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and changes throughout the years, the Federal Reserve System: Behaviors Americas money related policySupervises and controls banks and ensures customers credit rightsMaintains the strength of Americas budgetary systemProvides monetary administrations to the U.S. government, people in general, budgetary establishments, and remote monetary organizations The Federal Reserve makes credits to business banks and is approved to give the Federal Reserve noticed that involve Americas whole flexibly of paper cash. Association of the Federal Reserve SystemBoard of Governors Directing the framework, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, controls tasks of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks, a few money related and purchaser warning advisory groups and the a huge number of part banks over the United States.The Board of Governors sets least hold limits (how much capital banks must have close by) for all part banks, sets the rebate rate for the 12 Federal Reserve Banks, and surveys the spending plans of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks.

Electrolytes Examples

Electrolytes Examples Electrolytes An electrolyte is something that ionizes when it's dissolved in the right ionizing solvent, such as water. These substances contain ions and can conduct electricity in the right circumstances. Most soluble salts, acids, and bases are electrolytes, while some gases under the right conditions can act as electrolytes. Most people know electrolytes to be the mineral substances in the body's bloodstream that carry an electrical charge, but that's not the only chemical definition or use for them. However, much of the purpose of electrolytes are tied to maintaining balance and charge neutrality in the body's cells. All higher life forms require electrolytes to function. Examples of Electrolytes: 1. Sports Drinks Most people have heard about the need for electrolytes when working out or doing some other kind of strenuous physical activity. Sports drinks were invented to replace electrolytes that the body lost through sweat. One of the first sports drinks ever made was Gatorade, named after the mascot at the university where it was developed, the University of Florida. Gatorade was basically a chemically balanced salt water drink, which didn't taste very appealing and was hard for athletes to drink. The researchers at the school's sports science lab added sugar and flavoring in controlled amounts to make it more palatable, and the result was a very competitive edge over opponents who came to the hot, humid environment of the school's Florida campus. 2. Ocean Water The main saltiness of the oceans' water comes from sodium chloride. This salt, which is literally the same chemical compound that makes up the table salt we sprinkle on food, is an electrolyte that is dissolved in seawater. This electrolyte is responsible for conducting heat and electricity in the water, and gives ocean water its unique density and low freezing point properties. 3. Sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide, which is also known as lye, is a strong base and therefore has historically been an important ingredient in many strong household cleaners. These products includelaundry detergents and soaps, and even stronger products like drain cleaners. This electrolyte is extremely dangerous due to its ability to break down lipids and proteins in skin, which will cause burns if not handled correctly and carefully. 4. Sulfuric acid This very strong acid was once known as oil of vitriol, from the word for bitterness or nastiness. It's highly corrosive, and can corrode many metals, most organic compounds and living tissues, and even stone. Sulfuric acid's main industrial purpose is as an electrolyte in certain types of car batteries, due to its conductive properties that help the electricity to flow. Like sodium hydroxide and other electrolytes of its kind, it can cause extremely serious chemical burns if it touches the skin, and must be handled cautiously.

Capital Punishment Essay - 1405 Words

Capital Punishment nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many positions can be defended when debating the issue of capital punishment. In Jonathan Glovers essay quot;Executions,quot; he maintains that there are three views that a person may have in regard to capital punishment: the retributivist, the absolutist, and the utilitarian. Although Glover recognizes that both statistical and intuitive evidence cannot validate the benefits of capital punishment, he can be considered a utilitarian because he believes that social usefulness is the only way to justify it. Martin Perlmutter on the other hand, maintains the retributivist view of capital punishment, which states that a murderer deserves to be punished because of a conscious decision to†¦show more content†¦It is difficult to determine whether alterations in the murder rates and the presence of capital punishment have a causal relationship. The only other method of justifying the deterring ability of the death penalty is through an intuitive argument. Hy pothetically, if a person knows that murdering another will result in their own execution, he or she will not commit the crime. The intuitive argument fails however, because murderers do not face certain death when they go to trial. The long-term effects of murder seem so distant that capital punishment may fail to act as a deterrent at all. Such is the case with cigarette smokers. Any educated person knows that cigarette smoking can cause lung cancer and many other fatal health problems. The negative results of this activity are so distant though, that people believe that quot;it will not happen to me.quot; Another failure in the intuitive argument defending the deterring ability of the death penalty is whether it actually serves as a greater deterrence than life imprisonment. Bodily mutilation may deter many people from committing a multitude of crimes, however this sort of punishment is inconceivable in American society. Glover does not believe that the argument of deterrence can be effectivelyShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment1099 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished. Upon examination, one finds capital punishment to be economically weakRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagescorresponding punishments. Among all penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while onlyRead MoreCapital Punishment1786 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the toughest form of punishment enforced today in the United States. According to the online Webster dictionary, capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime† (1). In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principallyRead More Capital Punishment1898 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your heart suddenly beginning to race as you hear a judge give you a death sentence and then you’re quickly carried away in chains as your family sobs as they realize that they will no longer be able to see you. As you sit in your cell you begin to look back at your life and try to see where you went wrong to end up in jail waiting to carry out a death sentence, and at the same time know that you are an innocent waiting to be heard. This same scenario repeatsRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbroken to get the death penalty, increased murder rates and wrongful accusations. There are many different views of the death penalty. Many different religions have their own views of the death penalty. In Hinduism, if the king does not inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished the stronger would roast the weaker like fish on a spit. In the religion of Jainism, mostly all of their followers are abolitionists of the death penalty which means that they oppose of it. Infact, this religionRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment?696 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassionRead MoreCapital Punishment2506 Words   |  11 PagesCapital Punishment and the Death Penalty Capital punishment exist in today’s society as citizens of the United States should we have the right to take an individual life. As illustrated throughout numerous of studies the death penalty is an unfair process seven out of ten deaths handed down by the state courts from 1973 to 1995 were overturned when appeal and the seven percent were later found to be innocent. Such as the Dobie Williams case which took place July 8, 1984. DobieRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Legal Punishment1116 Words   |  5 Pageswhat the big deal about Capital Punishment is? According to free dictionary, Capital Punishment is to put to death as a legal punishment (Farlax). Capital Punishment is used worldwide, and is guaranteed to prevent future crime. Capital Punishment is a large controversy in the U.S. but before a personal opinion can be formed, some facts need to be known, such as what it is, where it is used and why it could be good or bad. Well, what is Capital Punishment? Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capital punishment. There are different methods of like hanging, electric chair, lethal injection, firing squad, gas chamber. Murderers and rapist should be given extreme punishment, and they have to pay for their wrongdoing. We can observe crime rates are accelerating day-by-dayRead MoreCapital Punishment And Juvenile Punishment1631 Words   |  7 Pages Capital punishment is the term used when an individual is put to death by the state or government for the commission of a crime. Until recently, juveniles were not exempt from this punishment, however they would generally need to commit a more serious offense compared to their adult counterpart. Then there was the decision ruling the execution of mentally handicapped individuals was unconstitutional, using the 8th amendment as their authority, while taking into account the diminished capacity of

Customer Service - 2488 Words

Customer Service Research Paper Before I get into further analysis of my own personal experience, I am going to explain about different characteristics that are involved in customer service. Most businesses will tell you that quality customer service is the keystone to success. An essential component of outstanding customer service is the possession of a great staff. Larger companies may be weighed down by employee handbooks that specify the customer service guidelines. Independent, smaller businesses have the advantage of selecting employees that possess excellent customer service know how and capabilities. The customer service department should also be extremely familiar with the inventory, services, and policies entailed in the store.†¦show more content†¦A good idea is to ensure the customer that methods will be taken to prevent this problem from happening in the future. Employees can make a difference if the customer feels that they are making a difference on the business. Many companies learn that ef fective service recovery heightens customer loyalty. It costs approximately five times as much money to acquire an existing customer then it does to keep an old one. Without using these methods, I have found that there are many approaches that make the customer angrier than they were in the first place. One of the best is telling the customer how important they are and how much this call means to the company, and then letting the customer sit on hold forever. It is even better when it is just a recording that interrupts the annoying elevator music on the phone repeating over and over that this call is important to us, remain holding. If this call is so important, why am I on hold for an hour? A business can always keep transferring the customer to different departments, and each department can redirect them. This will make the customer become angry at all of the departments and not just one employee. At least with one employee, the customer may not feel the whole company is unqualified and not helpful. Making the customer explain their problem over and over makes them angrier and angrier. One of the best ways to make a customer irate is to putSho w MoreRelatedCustomer Service2541 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Customer Service at Datatronics Datatronics is an organization that serves their customers with Enterprise Resource Planning integrated solutions. Their growth is mainly attributed to acquisitions of smaller competitors. E-Z RP was such a company that despite its inferior size compared to Datatronics was able to succeed and outperform Datatronics on grounds of customer service and customer satisfaction. Datatronics recognized the fact and acquired E-Z RP with the aim to improve in that respectiveRead MoreCustomer Service Services And The Service Sector2162 Words   |  9 PagesSince+ the global economy embraced customer service, issues regarding levels of customer service have become more prominent in service organisations. Even now there are organisational managers with no training or knowledge of how organisations in the service sector require a high level of customer service. This is ignorance of the fact good customer service can create a competitive advantage; increase profit; efficiency; and increase staff a nd customer retention and satisfaction. Based on comprehensiveRead MoreCustomer Service And An Organization1445 Words   |  6 Pagescontinuously fail in customer service satisfaction for many reasons. As service failures are inevitable, it is important for companies, especially small businesses, to capitalize on learning the importance of reducing service failure. Just as the seed is the core of the fruit, customer service is the core of an organization; its meaning is the primary function for organizations to retain business and discover new ventures. Customer service is the primary source of business-to-customer communication andRead MoreCustomer Service Essay641 Words   |  3 Pagesto communicate with customers to identify and agree on product/ service specifications. It is crucial to be aware that customer expectations and needs will change from time to time and will be affected by market trends, fashions and changes in external environments. This means the business plans need to be adapted to changing needs of customers and is important that organisations communicate with its customers. Profiling is a method to understand the needs of the customers. Profiling enables organisationsRead MoreThe Etiquette Of Customer Service1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Etiquette of Customer Service – Instructional Guide Overview Objective Key points How to say â€Å"I’m sorry† without apologizing in customer service? There are justifiable situations that require customer service representatives to say â€Å"I’m sorry† without apologizing. Situations include: a plan benefit that is not covered, denial of a pre-authorization, or an appeal denial. Session#1 I’m Sorry When this occurs, there are phrasesRead MoreCustomer Service Representatives1622 Words   |  7 PagesZappos. This is followed by a hierarchal ranking of the four major presenting problems for the company, which are: maintaining the â€Å"wow† image without overspending, inventory management/distribution problems, transportation efficiency problems and customer behavior problems. Each of these problems is addressed in more detail in the discussion section and the recommendations section at the end of the analysis. Prior to the conclusion and recommendations section, a list of possible strategic alternativesRead MoreCustomer Service At The Restaurant2103 Words   |  9 Pages†¢ Execute exceptional outstanding customer service by recruiting, leading and developing people and planning, organising, directing, controlling and evaluating all the operations of the restaurant to build sales and control costs to deliver optimum business results for the restaurant †¢ Understand, enforce and train Crew and Managers on all appropriate policies, award minimums, security and safety procedures. †¢ Modifying the operational procedures as per the requirement of the profitability of theRead MoreCustomer Service1186 Words   |  5 Pagessome companies aim to look after their customers well, ensuring that the customer is at the heart of their business and everything they do. In marketing terms this is called being customer focused. It is important to realise that customers can take their business anywhere they want to and if they are not satisfied they will take their business elsewhere. Therefore, it is very important to understand who our customers are, their expectations of the service they experience and how that effects futureRead MoreEssay on Customer Service1144 Words   |  5 PagesSection 1 – Understand the factors that affect an organisation and the customer service role 1. Complete the table below with a description of the products and services for at least two commercial organisations, public organisations and third sector organisations. Please ensure you provide a description for each organisation, rather than a list. Organisation type Name of organisation Description of products and services Commercial organisation Commercial organisation Read MoreQuestions On Customer Service And Customer Services1913 Words   |  8 Pagesthe main problems a company may has on the customer services, it point out that many companies may issue on dealing with customers feedbacks thus it lead enterprise loss their market share because of bad performance on customer services and they may give the bad comments on company’s products and services. Therefore, they need to establish a system ii. Body 1 It will analyze several problems a company might have, a company may hard to collect customers’ feedback and manage it, and then some company

Schindler’s List free essay sample

Emergent Ethical Leadership in ‘Schindler’s List’ Legal Environment for Managers The film â€Å"Schindler’s List† presents variations of ethical leaders ranging from Amon Goeth, who embodied pure evil, to the righteous humanitarian Itzak Stern. Imbedded between these two ethical extremes is Oskar Schindler. Schindler is an evolutionary example moving from an unethical war profiteer to that of a self-sacrificing leader, ultimately awarded the honor of a tree on Righteous Avenue. From the ashes of the Holocaust horror, Schindler emerged as an ultimately ethical leader that saved 1,200 Jews. Schindler came to Poland as a member of the Nazi party, seeking exploitive ways to profit from the war. He was a womanizing philanderer that left his wife in Czechoslovakia while he went to Poland in the wake of the German invasion to find a way to profit from the war at the callous expense of others. Schindler used his flair for the dramatic, grand gestures, love of â€Å"the finer things† to create powerful contacts with the Gestapo and SS officials. At the opening of the film, Schindler positions himself for pictures with SS officials, in his attempt to develop rapport with Nazi leaders. He is not concerned with the suffrage of others, and focuses only on his personal profit and advancement. His initial approach to the unethical treatment of others extends beyond befriending the Nazi’s for personal gain when Schindler assumes residence in a forfeited Jewish home. Laying claim to an apartment, Schindler comments â€Å"It could not be better†; while the former Jewish owners are in the Krakow Ghetto commenting, â€Å"It could be worse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Schindler’s unethical treatment of others seen in the first portion of the film includes his acquisition of the DEF enamelware factory. When the company’s former accountant Itzak Stern points out Jewish investment is impossible due to Nazi law, Schindler reveals his plan to take advantage of the situation, suggesting the Jews secretly fund the company, and he pay them in enamelware (pots and pans). Schindler coldly rationalizes the arrangement as providing them â€Å"things they can really use to sell on the black market. Trade goods are the only things that mean anything in the ghetto†. Schindler also exhibits unethical behavior when he staffs his factory with imprisoned Jews. When Stern explains how Third Reich slave labor principles work, Schindler advances his profitability by choosing to employ only Jews. His focus on profitability over humanity is apparent when he tells Stern to hire only Jews stating: â€Å"Poles cost more than Jews? Why should I hire Poles? †. His focus is only on himself and his potential earnings, using people for his benefit, ignoring his negative influence/effect on the lives of others. Externally acknowledged wealth and influence is the most important thing to Schindler in the beginning of the movie, and yet, as the movie progresses, Schindlers self-focus begins to dissipate, replaced by a higher level of concern for others within more ethical boundaries. Schindler built his fortune through unethical behavior, but midpoint in the movie, inspired by Sterns commitment to humanity, Schindler begins to recognize the importance of others and change. The emergence of Schindler’s ethical perspective begins when he meets a one armed worker, and questions Stern of the workers legitimacy as an â€Å"essential worker†. Schindler begins to question the â€Å"legitimacy† of his workers, and begins to understand the impact of his actions. When the worker is later shot by the SS, Schindler defends the worker to an inquisitive SS official. For the first time Schindler faces the reality that he is making decisions that affect the life of others, and feels remorse at the loss of an innocent life. Another example of Schindler’s emergent ethics is his desperate measures to save Stern from the train bound for the concentration camps. At this point in his ethical development, Schindler saves Stern from the trains because he cannot manage the plant without him. His dismissive response to Sterns gratitude is a thin veneer for his true feelings of appreciation; but rather than admit it to Stern, he simply responds with â€Å"What if I had gotten here 5 minutes later, then where would I be? † It is evident at this point in the film that Schindler is beginning to care for people more than profit. He makes increasingly snide and off the cuff remarks easily construed as distaste for the Nazi regime, and specifically the unethical actions of Goeth. Upon their first meeting, Goeth asks Schindler about where he got his suit. Schindler responds in a direct, but dismissive manner saying he does not know, and the likelihood is the man who made the suit is probably dead. As the relationship with Goeth and Schindler intensifies, Schindler uses the friendship, and Goeth’s admiration to positively influence Goeth to use a more ethical and humane approach toward the Jews in the camp. In one scene Goeth and Schindler debate the true meaning of power and justice, a definitive moment for both. Goeth defines power as the ability to kill at will, and Schindler defines power as not killing when we can. Schindler goes on to explain that the real power is in pardoning an individual you feel has â€Å"wronged â€Å" you. The most meaningful moment in the scene is when Schindler turns to Goeth and says: â€Å"I pardon you†. Goeth temporarily chooses not to kill when he otherwise would have (i. e. a boy who damaged his saddle and a woman prisoner caught smoking â€Å"on the job†). The relief is unfortunately only temporary, and Goeth returns to his sadistic ways when kills a boy for not removing the stains from his bathtub. When Stern identifies Goeth’s cruelty, Schindler rationalizes Goeth’s behavior to Stern as a direct bi-product of the war. Openly admitting and recognizing Goeth’s ethical failures, means must take ownership of his own shortcomings and unethical behaviors. Schindler is not yet prepared to face his own demons. As the movie progresses, Stern’s ethical influence on Schindler is more pronounced and evidenced through Schindler’s actions. Even with his best attempts to deny his ethical emergence, Schindler begins to reveal his true stance through his actions. Scenes supporting his evolution include his birthday party where he kisses a Jewish worker, and when he insists on hosing down the train cars to provide relief to the people trapped inside. His action of hosing down the train initiates concern of his loyalty to the Nazi party, and he is soon after arrested for openly kissing the Jewish girl under the â€Å"race and resettlement act†, and yet Schindler continues his attempts to save individual workers. In 1944, when the decision to move all concentration camp prisoners to Auschwitz, Schindler decides to leave Poland under the guise of having more money than any man can spend in a lifetime. After meeting with Stern, Schindler reconsiders, and initiates a plan to relocate his factory to Czechoslovakia, including all of his workers. Initially Goeth laughs and perceives the idea as preposterous, until Schindler offers to purchase the life of every one of his workers. He bribes the unethical Goeth to allow him to run a â€Å"sub-camp† is his home country as an attempt to save the â€Å"Schindlerjuden†. This is the pivotal moment in the film, the moment Schindler truly emerges as an ethical leader for the workers he has come to know and care for. He chooses to spend millions â€Å"buying† his workers under the guise of making artillery shells for the war effort. He attempts to convince other business owners to do the same to no avail. The list of Schindler’s workers is recognition of their value as people, not property, a major step in the evolution of Schindler’s ethical spirit. Stern recognizes Schindler’s efforts at greatness saying: â€Å"The list is an absolute good, – it is life†. Schindler reaches a pinnacle of greatness, when he recovers the female workers from Auschwitz and brings them to the factory for safety. He leads by lecturing the SS guards about how his organization runs, ultimately denying guards access to the working floor in order to further protect and ensures the safety of all his workers. Schindler’s did not intend to convert his factory into an ammunition plant that would ever make effective shells. He was rumored to have sabotaged the machines, and to purchase shells from other manufacturers to pass as his own, in his ultimate hope that there would be fewer ammunitions made, therefore fewer killed. He reveals himself to Stern when he says, â€Å"Stern, if this factory ever produces a shell that can actually be fired, I shall be very unhappy†. In the 7 months he operated his factory, he spent millions bribing officials to maintain the life of his workers – going broke in the process. Oskar Schindler made unethical choices to amass a personal fortune. He lied, he cheated, he profited at the cost of others, and in the end, he saved lives. He was a rising ethical star that reached greatness through personal sacrifice and expense. At the end of the movie, Schindler rose to ethical greatness by allowing workers to practice their faith openly, and to raise the personal standard and belief in them by treating each individual with respect. He openly admits to the 6 years of murder that they as a group survived. He grants proper credit to those responsible for their safety, takes full credit for his membership in the Nazi party, and to the guilt of being a war profiteer. Schindler offers a great gift to the factory guards as well. He recognizes the orders to â€Å"eliminate the population of the factory†, and the offers them the chance to leave rather than â€Å"return to their families as murderers†. His respect for the workers is exemplified as he leads a three minute silence to honor the fallen Jews, and is rewarded by his employees with a gold ring inscribed with â€Å"He whoever saves one life, save the world entire†. His evolution from war profiteer to ethical leader in the face of great adversity is an amazing testament to all of the righteous gentiles that risked their lives during the Nazi regime. Schindler makes his final ethical stance when he breaks down crying at the realization he could have saved more people. â€Å"I threw away so much†¦ this car ten people right there†¦ this ring, two more, at least on more person†. Stern reassures him that 1,200 people lived, and there will be generations to come thanks to the ethical gestures and decisions he made. â€Å"Oskar Schindler surfaced from the chaos of madness, spent millions bribing and paying off the SS, and eventually risked his life to rescue 1200 Jews in the shadow of Auschwitz. He rose to the highest level of humanity, walked through the bloody mud of the Holocaust without soiling his soul, his compassion, his respect for human life -and gave his Jews a second chance at life. He miraculously managed to do it and pulled it off by using the very same talents that made him a war profiteer his flair for presentation, bribery, and grand gestures. Oskar Schindler spent millions to protect and save his Jews, everything he possessed. He died penniless. But he earned the everlasting gratitude of his Schindler-Jews and he saved our faith in humanity. Louis Bulow Oskar Schindler

Research Proposal on Traffic Congestion Essay Example

Research Proposal on Traffic Congestion Essay The term â€Å"traffic congestion† (traffic jam) denotes a strong faltering or stalled traffic flow on a road. One of the reasons for this is too high a number of vehicles per unit time (or per length). The causes of a traffic congestion, however, cannot be explained. Congestion – even those on waterways, railroad tracks, airports or in space – are a subject of research in transportation science. Transportation experts distinguish between â€Å"traffic jam† and â€Å"traffic congestion.† In Switzerland, for example, traffic jam is when the traffic flows at least less than 10 km/hr for a minute. If the velocity is in the range between 10 and 30 km/hr, one can speak of congested traffic. Typically, the capacity of a road is 1500 to 2500 vehicles per hour per lane. Such capacity can vary, for example by unfavorable weather such as rain, snow, or ice, and ineffective behavior of road users, for example by curiosity. This can cause jams out of nowhere, where the cause remains hidden from the road users even after the end of the jam, (as opposed to an accident in which you can see the cause when passing the scene of the accident). We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Traffic Congestion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Traffic Congestion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Traffic Congestion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A locally reduced capacity of the traffic by events such as lane closures due to road works or accidents and lane constrictions favoring further traffic jam formation. The narrowing of the traffic route can also be called a bottleneck. However, an increased volume of traffic may be responsible for congestion. Reasons for this may be rush hour traffic (especially at the beginning and at the end of vacation and usually heavy traffic in tourist areas) and major events. By means of permanently installed sensors on the highway, the traffic flow is measured objectively. Only the left lane is monitored because the parameters distance and speed on the other tracks can be blocked due to the traffic density in the left lane. The sensors are located on average every 4 km, so here are a total of 4000 sensors in use. Warning of road users is done with the help of danger signs (Z 124), or by the display of texts. In addition, speed limits can be arranged. Congestion warning systems have mostly an automatic detection and come gantries in the form of variable message signs are used. Traffic reports are read in traffic and sent via TMC (Traffic Message Channel) in the non-audible range of the FM signal in digital form. However, the TMC area is very narrow, so all messages are transmitted only about every fifteen minutes. Moreover, since it often happens that a receiver missed a message, the reception of the TMC message may be considerably delayed. Traffic reports on TMC can be received and processed by navigation systems. Traffic reports are published in the teletext and the Internet from different providers. Furthermore, they can be queried individually via mobile phones. For this purpose, the location of the inquirer is automatically located and queried more information route. Use free example research proposal on traffic congestion to learn more on the topic. NOTE!!! All free sample research proposals and examples on Traffic Congestion are 100% plagiarized, we are here to help you! EssayLib.com is a leading research proposal writing service, which can offer you the solution you have been looking for. With thousands of written research papers and proposals for Master’s and PhD degrees, we can give you exactly what you need at very affordable prices. Our experienced writers will prove you that high quality and exclusivity is a trademark of our products. We can guarantee your confidentiality and promise you strict on time delivery. There are many reasons for EssayLib.com to become your favorite research proposal writing service, but all we are asking you – just give us a try!

The Landmark Intellectual Property Case Essays

The Landmark Intellectual Property Case Essays The Landmark Intellectual Property Case Essay The Landmark Intellectual Property Case Essay Essay Topic: Left To Tell This was the first major case to address the application of copyright laws to peer-to-peer file-sharing. Introduction Plaintiffs 1. Aamp;M Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group 2. Geffen Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group 3. Interscope Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group 4. Sony Music Entertainment 5. MCA Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group 6. Atlantic Records, a subsidiary of Warner Music Group 7. Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group . Motown Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group 9. Capitol Records, a subsidiary of EMI 10. LaFace Records, a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment 11. BMG Music d/b/a The RCA Records Label, subsidiaries of Sony Music Entertainment 12. Universal Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group 13. Elektra Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of Warner Music Group 14. Arista Records, a subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment 15. Sire Records Group, a subsidiary of Warner Music Group 16. Polygram Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group 17.Virgin Records America, a subsidiary of EMI 18. Warner Bros. Records, a subsidiary of Warner Music Group Defendant Napster, it provided a platform for users to access and download compressed digital music files, specifically MP3s, from other users machines. Legal Issues In 2000, Aamp;M Records along with 18 other record companies sued Napster. Under the US Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Aamp;M accused Napster for contributory and vicarious copyright infringement. Rules amp; Principles Audio Home Recording Act Congress enacted the AHRA in 1992 in response to the advent of digital audio ape recording equipment and supplies entering the American market. The law imposed monetary duties on the equipment and supplies, but in exchange permitted noncommercial users to be protected from copyright infringement liability when they make copies of digital musical recordings or analog musical recordings. The court swiftly dismissed any argument that these protections could apply to the copies of MP3 files that Napster users make when they download files to their computers. The AHRA applies to the use of a digital audio recording device. Such a device may well include a computer, but the definition in the Copyright Act specifies about the device: the digital recording function of which is designed or marketed for the primary purpose of, and that is capable of, making a digital audio copied recording for private use. The court ruled that a computer and its hard drives do not have their primary purpose of making audio recordings. Moreover, the court- with no scrutiny of the statutory language- ruled that the sounds saved to a computer drive are not within the statutory definition of a digital music recording.Digital Millennium Copyright Act Congress enacted the DMCA in October 1998, and it is a lengthy and complex bill addressing numerous issues of copyright law and making many fundamental changes in the Copyright Act. One of those changes was the addition of provisions offering a safe harbor from liability for online serve providers that provide access to computer network systems on which a user may ultimately commit a copyright infringement. The DMCA holds the possibility of protecting Napster itself from liability for the infringements committed by its users.The appeals court agreed with Napster that the DMCA provisions could conceivably apply in this case. But the court outlined a series of questions that remained unresolved with respect to the parties’ compliance with the specific procedures in the code and whether Napster itself is a service provider within the meaning of the statute. The appeals court left these questions for the lower court to resolve at trial- should this case ever actually go to trial.With simple words Aamp;M accused Napster not of violating copyright itself, but of contributing to and facilitating other people’s infringement. Argument (Fair Use) The determination of whether or not an activity is within fair use depends on an application and balancing of four factors outlined in Section 107 of the Copyright Act: 1. The purpose of the use 2. The nature of the work being used 3. The amount of the work used 4. The effect of the use on the market for or value of the original work.Purpose of the Use The court found two reasons for determining that this factor does not favor fair use: the use of the music is not transformative, and the users of Napster stood to gain a commercial benefit which was found in repeated and exploitative copying the works, even if they are not offered for sale. In both instances, the analysis is weak and often flawed, but the court gave little hint that regardless of any adjustments in its approach it might be more sympathetic to the users.Nature of the Original Work The court ruled that because more creative works receive greater protection than fact-based works, and because the music al compositions and recordings are creative in nature, this second factor weighs against fair use. In light of a long series of recent court rulings reinforcing this premise, the court found little flexibility. The court held that this factor made little or no difference in the analysis, because a parody is possible of any type of work. Amount of the Work UseThe court found that Napster users engage in wholesale copying of entire works, which weighed against fair use. Effect on the Market The appeals court held that the use of Napster results in at least two forms of harm to the music industry: 1. The loss of sales of compact disks. 2. A heightened barrier to entry by the music industry into the market for electronic delivery of music. The court noted that market harm could include not merely damage to the present market, but also to future markets that the copyright owner may seek to exploit.Overall, the court gave little room for Napster to make a credible claim of fair use, havin g found rather summarily that all four of the factors weigh against fair use and in favor of infringement. Conclusion Napster still exists, but it operates under a new structure and new policy. Today Napster’s operations are both legal and ethical. To sum up with, I believe that Fanning’s idea for creating this software was innovative and highly creative.However it lacked the legal and ethical base it should have in order to successfully protect intellectual property rights of creators. Finally, I consider that Napster, as it functions today, not only protest these rights, but also promotes music itself and music industry since it gives the chance to users to listen numerous music samples which later, they can buy. At the same time they can access to older or rare songs that can’t be easily found. The important thing is that intellectual property rights of creators are respected and protected by all means, as they should.

Histroy 101 Western Civ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Histroy 101 Western Civ - Essay Example Athens as a democratic state was much emphasized during the 4th century BC although many historical documents have shown that democracy as a way of life was very much practiced as early as 5 B.C. The word Demos connotes two important things for Athenians- â€Å"village† and â€Å"people†. Village was the smallest unit of government at that time. People belonged to a certain village; in fact, men who are at least 18 years of age could participate in the Assembly. The Assembly was attended by anyone from the village that wants to have their voice heard. This included Demosthenes who tirelessly rebukes citizens to recall certain events since the people were always present in such Assembly (Blackwell, 2003, p6). It was of grave importance to always attend to the concerns being discussed during the said meeting. The characteristics of such a meeting showed the democratic ideals of Athens. First, anyone can speak regardless of trade or position in society, especially if the i ssue at hand is about governance. For other concerns that needed specialized knowledge, a craftsman is called forth to shed opinion on such matters (Blackwell, p7). These rules during an assembly imply that democracy was highly-valued and actively practiced. Democracy is not just a lofty ideal since it was practiced by the citizens. The assembly just shows how wealth is considered inferior to the democratic rights of its citizens (Lewis and Lewis,p.219). The practice of democracy was further heightened by Pericles during 460 B.C. Previously, public officials were appointed based on wealth or birth status. Such criteria for public office were promulgated by Solon or Cleisthenes. Pericles made the selection more democratic by allowing patrons to represent slaves and resident aliens, which is referred to as equality of opportunity. Although such practice earned criticism of historians since they believed it promoted â€Å"aristocracy†, the important to consider was the fact that representatives were chosen based on merit. Merit does not include wealth nor birth status which allowed men from all walks of life to have a say in matters of the state. This philosophy of Pericles is again an example of how democratic ideals permeated the political structure and governance of Athens. Interestingly, art became a willing medium of democratic ideals for this civilization. The assembly provided enough fodder for playwrights to create plays that can be considered political satire. In the same manner, the epic Iliad which is a gory depiction of battles is also said to have an underlying tone of political satire. According to Stewart, The Battle Between Frogs and The Mice is actually a satire with a pacifist theme. Again, the relevance of political satire when it comes to democratic ideals is that such art forms express how vigilant Athenians are over issues that concern their homeland. Pacifism is a philosophy adhered to by Athenians for they were not men of war like S partans. Although critics may disagree with such stand, this emphasizes to students of history that this society respected the opinion of its citizens. Lastly, the choir setting in Greek plays also demonstrates the ideals of democracy in Athens. Studies relating performing arts assert that â€Å"Performance reflects, encodes cultural models† (Goldhill and Osborne, 27). Democracy is expressed by the choir’

The Daily Life of a President Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Daily Life of a President - Research Paper Example Job of a president includes â€Å"chairing meetings, setting agendas, appointing committees and assuring their proper functioning, and supervising the board administrator† (Stafford). What to talk of the meals, even the breakfast of a president is hardly ever taken in a private setting. Quite often, the president has to attend breakfast out of the house. Such news are typical of a president; â€Å"Georgian College  employees are invited to attend a  President’s Breakfast  at the  Barrie, Midland, Orillia  andOwen Sound  campuses† (â€Å"Have Breakfast†). Almost every day, the president has to deal with unforeseen matters and be present beyond the office time to make decisions of national and international significance. This practically involves the president in the job mentally, if not physically for full 24 hours because most presidents can not escape their job even in their dreams. The day of a president starts with the personal secretaryâ₠¬â„¢s report, who does the night duty to make note of all news, calls and messages for the president that may arrive in the night while the president is sleeping. While he is delivered a glassful of fresh juice or bed-tea as may liked by the president in the bed, the personal secretary narrates the report and the two discuss how to modify the schedule to incorporate the changes. The secretary also confirms the numbers of flights, time of flights. He also checks if the pre-departure arrangements have been made to all local and abroad tours. The president has breakfast with the family, if he is spared the opportunity by the local ministers, government officials or foreign ministers. A heavy breakfast acquaints the president with all the energy that is required during the day. After the breakfast, the president sets off to make guest appearance at some school, hospital or conference. He may or may not accompany his wife with him on such visits. In a vast majority of cases, presidents t ake their wives along with them to the opening ceremonies. On his way to the ceremony or conference, the president tends to take a preliminary in-sight to the speech prepared for him by the personal speech-maker. Most presidents appoint a person with exceptional vocal skills for this purpose. The speech is hardly ever read completely and thoroughly by the presidents as they are so many and have to be made at quite a lot of places on a daily basis. Occasionally, a president may experience difficulty reading a speech if the words are printed wrongly. The president’s visit adds tones to the importance of a ceremony and it is brought in the lime-light. The president may be offered buffet at the location of ceremony for lunch. After the ceremony, the president proceeds towards the press-conference for clarifying public’s doubts over the enforcement of recent alterations in the rules and regulations. A president takes the press-conference as an opportunity to clarify the con fusions that may have cultivated in the minds of the public and the media from time to time and satisfy their queries. Press-conference is a very challenging event for a president because he has to live answer the most critical questions openly raised by media’s representatives. To make it worse, the whole session is telecast live and each and every emotion of the president is recorded. In order to gain public’

Codon bias in E. Coli Essay Example for Free

Codon bias in E. Coli Essay The nature of the gene codon varies among organisms. Codon preferences have been considered on the perspectives of translational efficiency and fidelity and the selective and non selective biases operating during DNA transcription replication and repair processes. Variations in tRNA on codon bias of highly expressed genes during rapid growth phase of E. coli exist. Codon selectivity is influenced by codon/anticodon interaction strength, site specific codon biases, time of replication, codon context, or evolutional age. Codon preferences among gene classes in E. coli are grouped according to the following comparisons; correlation of codon biases with level of gene expression, organisation of genome according to genome partitions based on size, codons use for genes characterized by function and cellular localization of gene products, gene size, comparisons that divide all genes by similarity of codon usage or amino acid usage or similarity of a reduced set of amino acid or codons and characterization of alien genes. The Codon Adaptation Index (CIA) is a qualitative measure for assessing codon bias. Ribosomal protein (RP) genes and membrane genes are genes that are highly expressed during fast growth and CIA and codon bias (CB) values are inversely correlated with respect to RP genes. Most ribosomal proteins are highly expressed during the E. coli exponential growth phase during which most genes facilitating translation are highly expressed. Codon preferences differ among highly expressed genes relative to the average gene for certain amino acid types, especially disparities for alanine, aspartine, histidine, isoleucine, phenealanine, threonine and valine. There is a high correlation between optimal codons and level of gene expression. In relation to E. coli genes, codon biases generally increase with increasing protein molecular weight abundance. Codon usage differences generally decrease with respect to protein molecular abundance when compared to RP. Negative correlation in the degree of protein molar abundance relative to tRN genes or other sub classes of the translation functional category is not evident. The molar abundance and codon usage differences unequivocally correlate negatively with the RP gene family and positively with the average E. coli gene respectively. The E. coli genome is homogeneous with relatively weak codon biases among the genes distributed over the genome. Codon bias does not depend on timing in the replication cycle except near the ter region. The deviation in codon usage from RP and tRN genes is most emphatic at ter region. Relative codon usage bias among 5’ middle and 3’ parts of genes in E.coli show that the middle and the last third of genes are more similar in codon usage than either is to the initial third of the gene. There also exists a difference in the frequencies of 3 G+C near the oriC than near the ter region. Different bacterial genomes display variation in their overall G and C content, attributed to varying mutational mechanisms and processes. For eukaryotic genomes site 3 G+C frequencies decrease with increasing gene length. Alien genes are characterized in terms of extreme codon bias relative to average E.coli genes and high relative to RPs. These genes are of unknown function and are either GC rich or AT rich. Extremes in codon bias are for identifying pathogenicity islands and developing gene classes reflecting difference expression levels in untypical events. When the genome is divided into contigs, gene classes and dicodon bias is most pronounced between the gene classes of the region about the oriC versus the ter region. Dicodon bias increases with gene size and compared to the average gene dicodon biases are constant throughout the genome. When genes are divided into thirds, the dicodon biases of the 5’ third, middle third . 3’ third parts of genes are similar though level of bias is about twice that of straight codon bias. Codon and dicodon bias correlations for E. coli genes were evaluated for level of expression, contrast along genes, size of contigs around genome and gene size classes. Explanations for codon bias have involved combinations of selection and mutational pressures. The RPs and amminoacyl tRNA synthetases are highly expressed gene classes during exponential growth of E.coli. Codon biases for RP genes are much more extreme than for tRN genes. The greater the abundance a gene product, the more its codon usage resembles hat of RPs, but this is not the case for comparisons to tRN genes or protein genes essential to translational activities. For gene classes RP and tRN, the source of codon bias differs significantly. RP are among the most deviant from the average E. coli gene. It is suggested that codon usage and tRNA abundance are correlated for highly expressed genes to match substrate levels with cellular demands. Hence RP genes which are small single domain proteins show high codon usage correlation with overall E. coli codon usage and tRNA do not show this bias although they are highly expressed. The middle and final 3? end of genes entail the same levels of codon biases. The rare codon hypothesis for domains and secondary structures argues that the use of repetitive rare codons might reduce translational rate and induce translation pauses allowing protein domains and suitable secondary structures to fold into native structural conformation. There are differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic translational mechanisms. These differences may be important in translation initiation or early stages of translation. Highly biased slowly translated codon pairs are more closely correlated with levels of expression than with protein length. Understanding basis of codon usage is of interest with respect to fundamental evolutionary questions, gene prediction, gene classification and design of optimal expression vectors. Codon usage programs are essential for gene finding and analysis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.

Carrying out Administrative Skills Based on a Project on the Old Bailey :: Administrative Operations Old Bailey Essays

Carrying out Administrative Skills Based on a Project on the Old Bailey In this coursework, I have to show I am capable of showing a variety of administrative skills for a project of my own choice. I have chosen to base my project on the Old Bailey. In order to carry out my administrative skills, I had to carry out an activity such as, setting up and participating in an away day trip to an organisation for at least six people, in which I am the key administrator. I also have to show knowledge and understanding of the roles of administrators in organisations. In this coursework I’ am required to work in a group of people that have specific roles in the group and plan and organize (or administer) our own event for AVCE Business Studies Year 2, unit 20 – Admin Ops. Our event has to be well planned and multi-layered, as this will allow each individual in the group to act out their role. My group is built up of 6 people. They are, Rachel, Chris, Sophie, Asif, Ashraf and me. We have all worked together in Unit 1 (Business At Work) and have all obtained experience of producing information. Examples are in, Unit 3, 4 and 10 (Marketing, HR and Customer Service). We all set each other positions or roles in the group in order to get our event started up. Below are my group’s roles/positions. * Rachel – Boss * Sophie – PR/Phones * Chris – Planner * Asif – IT * Ashraf – Research * Ravi – Research and minute taker. As you can see from above I have a second job role. This is taking down minutes (or notes) at every lesson. This is to make sure we don’t forget to mention anything in-group discussions and can help all of us in every meeting the group holds. These are all our roles in the group. We are also called Group A as there are 2 groups that have to organise an event. We also have to organise and record our event by taking a camera. IT is a critical path as it allows us to broaden our knowledge on the place we want to go to for our event. We also must use a computer database to store information and manage our project efficiently to ensure a smooth running of it. We had our first meeting at 11.33am on the 16/9/2004 and in the meeting we had to be sorted n groups and then allocate roles to each other. We also had an agenda. The agenda was to discuss project

Individualism vs Collectivism

Individualism and Collectivism Culture Abstract This essay discusses different aspects of Individualism and collectivism culture. Although every culture is different, Individualist and collectivism have a different implication for social organization. In this essay I able use my personal experience as a foreigner to help the readers understand the subject. In addition to the research I have done I was able to find information to help me fully understand how the two concepts impacted different countries such as the U. S.A, China and Burkina Faso. There are about a hundred and nighty-six countries on this planet, each one of them has a variety of cultures and traditions. Cultures are typically divided into two categories: collectivist and individualist. Individualist cultures, such as those of the United Sates and Western Europe, value personal achievement resulting in a strong sense of competition. Collectivist cultures, such as those of China, Korea, and Japan, emphasize family and w ork group goals above individual needs or desires.From a personal preference I would prefer a collectivist society but orders of social behavior change from culture to culture. I will now explain my experience coming in the United States to study. Being an international student from Burkina Faso, a country that has more than sixty ethnic groups with all different languages and dialects. I myself speak three languages, Moore my first and French second. The Western cultures are more individualist than collectivist Eastern cultures. The United States is considered to be an individualist country, so when I first got here, the transfer was very hard.I met American friends at U. G. A, despite been very nice it was hard sometimes to understand each other, as our cultures are different. The terms individualism and collectivism are usually used to express different cultures. An individualistic culture is where individuals are said to be bounded, autonomous, distinct from others, and emphasiz ing one’s own goals and agency rather than those of others (Mascolo M. F. & Li J. , 2004, p. 27). As it was stated in the first paragraph the United States is listed as having an individualist society.Some people would offer themselves, their family and friend as an anecdotal counter example to American individualism, but â€Å"both individualist and collectivist orientations may coexist within individuals cultures (Kim U. & Trandis H. C. & Choi S. C. , 1994, p. 123). For example; my best friend in Burkina Faso, born and raised there grew up to become an individualist. She say it herself, â€Å"I do not like to share†. A person may live in a traditionally collectivistic culture and may still express individualistic behaviors within that culture, just like my friend.The culture in Burkina is known for being hostile and as for myself being born there, and having a total nine siblings, we all shared everything, such as cloth, food, toys and many other things. So growing in this environment I have learned to share not only with brother and sisters but sometimes cousins. The traditional views of individualism and collectivism suggest that Eastern countries will exhibit collectivistic tendencies while Western countries will exhibit individualistic tendencies (Parker R. S. , Haytko D. L. , & Hermans C. M. , 2009). According Sen L. H. (2004).Being raised in a collectivist environment, the transition at UGA was a bit complicated. Many of my friends at UGA were born and raised in Georgia; some of them have a different way of approaching this subject. For example one of them had a total different situation than mine. He has 2 sisters and was told by his parents that if they each get something each of them have the right not to share. Since both individualist and collectivist orientations may coexist within the two cultures, it is practically impossible to say that everyone in western countries is an individualist or that everyone in eastern countries and A frica is a collectivist.As a within the communities it might be possible. For example most of the time in my country if someone is getting married everyone is pretty much invited. One will have thousands of people at their wedding to show support to the newlyweds. Studies suggest the well educated are more individualistic than the less educated. City dwellers are more individualistic than rural residents. Men are more individualistic than women, and young more than old. Thus, we need to consider peoples' experiences when interacting with them (Kanchier C. , 2007).The same individualism that has led to disaster, such as the mortgage crisis, because it was pursued to excess will also be the source of America's eventual resurgence. At its best, American individualism embraces the notion that every person matters. Increasingly, in American cities especially on the coasts, you will find that social categories are less important than individual histories. The U. S media will rather gossip about bill Clinton affair and Paris Hilton’s sex tapes than talk about important subjects that actually affects people’s life like the increasing dangerousness of tuberculosis as it becomes more immune to anti biotic.By contrast, collectivist are connected and interdependent, stressing roles and relationship, more than individual uniqueness; they are principally motivated to pure group goals rather than their own (Mascolo M. F. & Li J. , 2004, p. 27). Like individualism, within every culture there will be both individualist and collectivist people. Now lets take a look at the aspect of collectivism in China. Chinese culture is indeed more collectivist than individualist, and individualist values such as self-interest tend not to be present. (Kim U. & Trandis H.C. & Choi S. C. , 1994, p. 154). Hui in 1988 developed the individualism-collectivism scale (INDOL scale); it comprises six subscales purporting to measure a person’s collectivism orientation toward targe t groups (Kim U. & Trandis H. C. & Choi S. C. , 1994, p. 149). In his research Hui compared the scores of Chinese university students to those of American university students. Taken together, these results indicate that Chinese culture may be characterized as predominantly collectivist as well as anti-individualist. (Kim U. & Trandis H.C. & Choi S. C. , 1994, p. 154) For example the Chinese culture divorce is considered be dishonorable they believe that the marriage of two people is the union of two families. According to Luke Metcalfe, 2013, the divorce rate in china is 0. 79 per 1000people. As compared to the U. S. it is very common and some areas considered the norm. Luke Metcalfe, 2013 stated that The U. S divorce rate is at 4. 95 per 1000 people, which is the highest country with divorce rate. Individualist and collectivism have a different implication for social organization.The components of social organization presented in the book â€Å"Individualism and Collectivism† are very important; they are combined into more inclusive major components, of which there are five: values, autonomy/conformity, responsibility, achievement and self-reliance/interdependence. As an example of autonomy/conformity, an my best friend from Burkina Faso would want the right to privacy she believe that everyone should mind their own business. Their privacy should be respected. While on the other side I would believe that one’s business is also the business of the group; friends should be concerned with each other’s personal matters.Individualism and Collectivism are both needed in a society, inside every cultures will exists both concepts. I was raised in a collectivist environment but could decide to become an individualist; it may be an unconscious choice, but it happens very frequently. The two concepts have their advantages and disadvantages. When I was a kid I wanted to learn how to rollerblade because my friends knew how to. I was too proud to ask f or their help, so I have decided to teach myself how to uses the rollerblades. I certainly did, but at what cost? Multiple injuries and it took forever before I could really get the hint of it.I now realize that it would have been less painful if I just asked my friends help. Because I believe that collective work can make one attain greater success. Because together we are stronger. It is important for us readers to remember that individualism and collectivism each serve their own purposes, they are part of the reasons why our society is the way it is today. References Kanchier, C. (2007, May 12). Are you part of collective? ; we are not all individualism. How you view your-self influences how you relate to others at work. The Gazette, p. . Kim U. & Trandis H. C. & Choi S. C. (1994). Individualism and collectivism. United States of America: SAGE. Mascolo M. F. & Li J. (2004). Culture and development selves: beyond dichotomization. San Francisco: Wiley company. NationMaste. (2003-20 13). Luke Metcalfe. Retrieved from: http://www. nationmaster. com/graph/peo_div_rat-people-divorce-rate Parker R. S. , Haytko D. L. , & Hermans C. M. , (2009). Individualism and Collectivism: Reconsidering old Assumptions. Sen, L. H. (2004, May 7). Society needs individualism. The Straits Times, p.

Pros and Cons of Government Intervention Essay - 894 Words

Objective This specific report addresses the pros and cons of how much government intervention in the marketplace is necessary and appropriate. This report will cover four authors, Cunningham, Green, Friedman and Pertschuk. The authors have written extensively on consumerism and the protection thereof. This author’s goal is to break down some of the theories, which authors seem akin in their beliefs and which authors’ views are bipolar opposites. Green states there be only should be two types of government regulations 1) economic regulations and 2) health and safety regulations. He states the only important pieces of consumer legislation to emerge from Congress in the past three years were the â€Å"Consumer Protection Safety†¦show more content†¦Friedman views the consumer as strong and is totally interested in efficiency. He does note however the FDA had done a good job of keeping us from harmful medication. The Cunningham’s objective of their resear ch was to determine how many individuals in various sectors of society know about the consumer protection laws and their rights as consumers. These were included, but not limited to false advertising, false retail advertising, credit regulations, credit cards, labeling, truth in lending and deceptive retail practices. These authors view the consumer relatively weak due to a lack of knowledge. They also feel the low incomes are no match for the sophisticated marketer. There these authors are interested in equity. The most important implication derives from the lack of information demonstrated by all income segments of the consumer sample. This situation suggests that what is needed is not more and tougher laws, but rather more information made available to ore individuals concerning their rights as consumers. The present research has demonstrated that one other variable is important: with the exception of a few areas of the law, both consumers and attorneys know very little abo ut their rights as consumers. This was particularly true in areas such as door-door selling, false or deceptive advertising, false or deceptive retail practices. More and better information concerning consumers’ rights must be provided to individuals of allShow MoreRelated Government Intervention in the Free Market Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pages It is not only unnecessary for the government to intervene to maintain a free market, it is extremely wrong. Intervention by any outside party in corporate matters is inappropriate and basically contradicts the meaning of a free market. There are some positive effects government intervention could produce. These pros are, in fact, few, and questionable, at that. Take for instance, the situation with Microsoft. The government is sticking its nose in where it doesnt belong. Lets try and get passedRead MoreFree Market Or Government Intervention1224 Words   |  5 PagesMuhammad Zharfan Bin Azhari Human Systems Paper 2 April 16, 2015 Free Market or Government Intervention In the 21st century, human and technologies are inseparable. In past decades, there has been an astonishing amount of development in modern world’s technology. Nanotechnology is one of them. This technology is based on nano-scale and it can be used in many different areas because of its small sizes. (Metchis). However, there is a huge amount of uncertainties on the hazards of nanomaterialRead MoreGovernment Intervention On Kazakhstan Oil Industry Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Name : Tinglin Zhang Subject : Assignment : Essay Topic : Government intervention in Kazakhstan Oil Industry The world concerned problem today the energy problem. Among other reasons of its country is growing thirst for oil and gas made thus a matter of strategic energy security. Oil is the stratagem industry of the development of economy and society. With the development phase of Kazakhstan’s oil resources is speeding, the world big powers seek the benefits here, Kazakhstan becomesRead MoreGovernment Intervention On Kazakhstan Oil Industry Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Name : Tinglin Zhang Subject : AFFIN102A Principle of economics and economic theory in practice Assignment : Essay Topic : Government intervention in Kazakhstan Oil Industry The world concerned problem today is the energy problem. Among other reasons of its country is growing thirst for oil and gas made thus a matter of strategic energy security. Oil is the stratagem industry in the development of economy and society. As the Kazakhstan’s oil industry is speeding developing, becoming oneRead MoreCapitalism And Its Impact On The Middle Ages954 Words   |  4 Pagesway to the middle ages where it was used as a practice of merchant capitalism. Since then it has been practiced in famous societies such as the Soviet Union. Capitalism is being used less and less to date. Like any economic society, there are pros and cons. Capitalist societies are huge proponents to economic growth. It offers things such as incentives, which allow for economic expansion. This is completely different to that of other societies such as communism, where there is essentially no economicRead More Preventing Juvenile Delinquency Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesrights than a n adult has. The same justice system cannot be used for youths. The other stakeholders are the parents. The parents have the primary responsibility for ensuring that their wards do not commit crimes. The other stakeholders are the government state, Fed, and local, which have the dual responsibility of protecting the community as well as rehabilitating the juvenile. The other stakeholders are the community. It is because of the demands made by the community that stronger action isRead MoreJohn Johnson s American Idealism And Realpolitik Critique885 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical battles in foreign countries, he brings forth the idea that the American government plays a vital role when it comes to mediating and facilitating conflict. Their importance can often be overshadowed by some opinions that the government, specifically the army, has over stepped its boundaries by intruding on countries and excessively becoming involved in hostility. Johnson notes that without American intervention, there would be cause for a considerable diminish in aid and possibly a rise inRead MoreControversy Has Become A Staple Part Of Modern Society.960 Words   |  4 Pagesprivate owned (N.p., â€Å"The Pros and Cons†). Furthermore, state-owned institutions had over 795,000-staffed beds in contrast to 118, 910-staffed beds for the private contingent (N.p., â€Å"The Pros and Cons†). There were 33.6 million admissions for public hospital, while 1.8 million admissions for private facilities annually (N.p., â€Å"The Pros and Cons†). The differences highlighted a growing concern regarding the disparity in how medical services are offered, with the government having to carry the burdenRead MoreAnalysis of Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesglobal proportions. Unfortunately, this tragedy could have been prevented. Lack of adequate safety efforts, enforcement, and regulations all played a major role in this truly catastrophic event. However, Prince William Sound’s remote location made government and industry relief efforts extremely difficult. The Alaskan community and the United States heavily criticized Exxon for their slow response to one of the largest environmental disasters of the century. The failed clean up left Exxon with severalRead MoreRemoving Barriers For Mental Health Services For Veterans826 Words   |  4 Pagesdischarge to receive Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) benefits. Critique of Policy Options To reduce the barriers for Veterans to receive appropriate mental health services the federal government can: 1. The United States Congress could remove discharge status as a prerequisite to mental health service eligibility. Pros: There has been 22,000 combat veterans that have received less than honorable discharges since 2009, for minor offenses like alcohol use or lateness. Research shows that these infractions